« Time To Turn Talk Into Action | Main | Behind the Scenes of A Miracle »

Is Advanced Placement Advancing Students?

According to a recent report as well as the recently published AP: A Critical Examination of the Advanced Placement Program, “the percentage of high school graduates taking Advanced Placement courses in science and mathematics has risen sharply in recent decades.” In fact, AP enrollment has grown at a rate of 9.3 percent per year for the past twenty years.

Why the dramatic increase in AP enrollment?

- Schools are rated and ranked nationally based on the number of AP courses they offer and the number of students enrolled in those courses.

- High schools typically weight grades for AP classes.

- There is more competition for college admissions.

- Colleges and universities demand that students take a more rigorous curriculum.

- Many colleges weight AP courses, which gives students an advantage in the admissions process.

- Parents believe that obtaining college credits in high school will save money and shorten the length of stay in college.

- Many believe that increasing the enrollment of disadvantaged students in AP classes effectively levels the playing field and will close the achievement gap.

The Results

- The study of over 40,000 students who had taken AP classes determined that they were no more likely to graduate from college in four years than students who had not done so.

- Enrollment in AP shortens the time to earn a degree only for the small group of students with enough AP credits to enter college as sophomores.

- Students who participated in dual-enrollment programs, which allow them to take college classes while still in high school, managed to graduate from college sooner on average than peers coming out of traditional high school programs.

- Some students elect to retake the AP course they took in high school by enrolling in an introductory-level course in the same subject in college. Students who retook the AP course they took in high school did slightly better in the course in college.

- Students who had previously failed an AP test did no better in that course in college.

- “Students who take honors courses ought to receive an extra half-point on a grade-point-average scale of 1 to 4, while AP courses ought to be worth an extra point, and an extra 2 points if students pass the exam.”

- Once differences in students’ backgrounds were accounted for, AP students were no more likely to graduate from college than non-AP students. But the opposite was true for AP students who both took and passed AP exams.

- Exam failure rates were disproportionately high among African-American, Hispanic, and low-income students, the disadvantaged groups the policy aimed to help. Many of these students had to take remedial courses in college.

 Implications for school leaders:

- Students who take AP courses and receive a score of 3 or higher on the exam benefit in college.

- Those who fail the AP exams do not do better in college courses.

- Simply placing students in AP classes is not helpful. It is our responsibility to build the capacity of students to, not only take the courses, but to succeed on the exams. This is an issue of both equity and excellence.

- Students who receive college credits from AP exams do not graduate early from college.

Something to think about

While AP courses contain college level material, they move at half the speed of a college course. Within a few short months after graduation from high school, former AP students will be enrolled in college classes that are moving at twice the rate of the high school AP classes. If students can’t keep up with the pace of AP classes in high school, how are they possibly going to succeed in college? College-ready doesn’t mean admitted to college. College-ready means that graduates have the readiness level to actually succeed in college courses. That means that high school graduates must acquire the requisite reading, writing, and math skills. Reading gets students to college. Writing keeps them there.

When school leaders open enrollment to AP courses for all students our job has just begun. Now begins the long-term task of building student capacity so that they can benefit from the course and succeed on the AP exam.

TrackBack

TrackBack URL for this entry:
http://nasspblogs.org/blog-mt/mt-tb.fcgi/188


Hosting by Yahoo!

Comments

Many years ago, when I took one of those week-long master classes in how to teach an AP class, the instructor (of a College Board sanctioned class) stressed that the AP should be for the top students who live and breathe a subject. Thus, not only should the classes be selective and small, but the incidence of a student's taking more than 2 AP classes should be low -- how many students really see 4 subjects as the end-all and be-all of their academic interests.

At the same time, it seems, school "quality" is judged by the number of students enrolling in AP classes, and AP's on a transcript become the sine qua non of college acceptance. It is all part of this game to market students by having the right words on their transcripts regardless of their skill and interest level. Instead of being content being an Honors student with the isolated AP to show a specific area of love, skill and interest, students now have to be in every AP class available in order to compete, even though success int eh class does not necessarily get the student anything in terms of credits, abbreviated college stays or even success in college.

It is all a sad, sad game. If I felt that college admissions here would not be hurt by abandoning the AP system, I would dump it in a second -- not because true AP classes aren't rewarding, but because the system has become corrupt and useless. When I applied to schools, colleges didn't know my AP scores and results until I applied to get credits for them after Freshman year. Now they are part of the application process. That's just plain wrong.

How can I stress education when I am pushing testing, and how can I encourage exploration when students have to take classes for show.

It is interesting to read the above results regarding Advanced Placement students and their success in higher education. I am a proponent for early college programming and realize that it begins in elementary school. I am not necessarily a proponet of taking the exam and feel it is the student's choice. I would be interested in reviewing data of students who took an AP exam, but never took an AP course.

Many years ago, I too, took one of those week long summer courses on the techniques and practices for teaching Advanced Placement classes. I was fortunate to live in a state that required such training. At the time, the College Board did not have course audits, so the training provided consistency and continuity for coursework. I have since moved to a state that requires no training to teach an AP course. It has been a "given" that the district teachers with seniority would have the first option to teach the AP classes, rather than the teachers who have had recent coursework, advanced trainings or workshops, etc.

Having been a principal in a strong AP school, and a state department of education curriculum & instruction specialist overseeing Advanced Placement, Concurrent (Dual) Enrollment and International Baccalaureate programs throughout our state, consistency is important, as well as knowledge of higher education equivalent coursework. I worked closely with the College Board and had numerous visits each year from a College Board Senior Educational Manager, who was kind enough to present to our states Principals and Superintendents who were interested in programming. She stressed that students must be prepared for AP courses but it was the College Boards policy to be inclusive, not exclusive for students, and that all students should have the opportunity to take an AP course. With this philosophy, it is one's hope that K-12 curricula is preparing these opportunities of choice for all of today's high school students.

With the popularity of Newsweeks' Challenge Index and Jay Matthews ranking the nations best high school based on AP statistics, and more recently, IB data, little is left to wonder why the program isn't growing. Having the opportunity to review courses and data at a state level, there is much discrepancy in the manner in which AP classes are accepted at universities. It is the decision of the university to interpret the credit, rather than a standard set by the Board of Regents. Unfortunately, I have witnessed an AP course given no university credit, equivalent university credit, or humanities-elective-general ed credits in the amount of up to 8 credits per course. I would encourage all students considering a university, to review the policy for accepting AP and IB credits.

Mel Riddile is correct in the fact that a college equivalent AP course is covered in a year of high school versus a semester of college. For years I have told students that it is a great transition course, but may not necessarily prepare a student for the rigor of college. Yet in some cases, high school instructors are much more demanding than a college professor.

In addition to AP and IB, there is a definite place in a high school curriculum for concurrent or dual enrollment. As hard as we try, we do not have a final say in transferring coursework, but to leave high school with an associates degree or a college transcript, works wonders for transferring equivalent credit.

Post a comment

(If you haven't left a comment here before, you may need to be approved by the site owner before your comment will appear. Until then, it won't appear on the entry. Thanks for waiting.)

Subscribe to Principal Difference by e-mail
(enter your address):